Tag: Amir-Mohammad Khosh Eghbal

Supreme Court Overturns Death Sentences in “Ekbatan Case

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News, Students
Alireza Barmarz Pournak, Alireza Kafaei, Amir-Mohammad Khosh Eghbal, Arman Aliverdi, Ekbatan case, Hossein Nemati, Navid Najaran

HRANA – A defense lawyer in the “Ekbatan residential complex” case has confirmed that the Supreme Court has overturned the death sentences issued for all defendants. The case has been referred back to Branch 1 of Tehran Criminal Court for retrial. Previously, Milad Armoun, Alireza Kafaei, Amir-Mohammad Khosh-Eghbal, Navid Najaran, Hossein Nemati, and Alireza Barmarz Pournak had each been sentenced to death.

The lawyer told HRANA that the Supreme Court accepted the appeals submitted by defense teams and, citing significant ambiguities in the case, annulled the death sentences and returned the file to the Criminal Court for retrial.

He also addressed the status of four defendants who had earlier been released on bail, noting: “Since their two-year detention period has ended, it is expected that after the case is referred back to the Criminal Court, their detention orders will also be revoked upon acceptance of bail.” He expressed hope that these defendants, who face similar circumstances, would soon be freed while legal proceedings continue.

In November 2024, Branch 13 of Tehran Criminal Court had sentenced the six defendants to death in the so-called “Ekbatan case.”

The case stems from events in early November 2022, during the nationwide protests, when a Basij member named Arman Aliverdi was killed in the Ekbatan residential complex. Following the incident, security and police forces arrested at least 50 young residents of Ekbatan, with indictments issued against 14 of them.

In May 2023, the Judiciary’s spokesperson announced that three defendants in the “murder of Arman Aliverdi” case had been charged with moharebeh (enmity against God) through the use of bladed weapons and with actions against national security. The indictment accused them of moharebeh, “participation in intentional murder,” and “disrupting public order and peace.”

In late October 2023, after four hearings, the court declined to return the case for further investigation. Instead, Branch 13 of Criminal Court One assumed responsibility to carry out supplementary inquiries, accelerate the proceedings, and determine the legal status of the defendants. Part of the case was also referred to Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court.

Four of the defendants, Hossein Nemati, Alireza Barmerz Pournak, Alireza Kafaei, and Amir-Mohammad Khosh-Eghbal, were released from Ghezel Hesar Prison on bail in February 2024. At the time, attorney Payam Derafshan stated that Milad Armon, Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Hosseini, Mehdi Imani, and Navid Najaran remained imprisoned on moharebeh charges.

On November 2, 2024, the final defense hearing for Armoun, Hosseini, Imani, and Najaran was held in Branch 13 of Criminal Court One on charges of “participation in murder and intentional assault.” The following day, November 3, a final defense hearing was held for Nemati, Barmerz Pournak, Kafaei, and Khosh-Eghbal. These four were arrested the same day and transferred to Ghezel Hesar Prison in Karaj.

Updated List of Political and Security Prisoners Facing Execution in Iran

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Executions, News, Other, Prisoners
Abbas Deris, Abdolghani Shahbakhsh, Abdolrahim Ghanbarzehi Gorgij, Adham Narouei, Adnan Ghabishavi, Afshin Ghorbani Mishaie, Ahmadreza Jalali, Akbar Daneshvar Kar, Ali Ghasemi, Ali Mojadam, Ali Obeidavi, Alireza Barmarzpoornak, Alireza Kafaee, Alireza Mardasi, Alireza Merdasi, Amir Rahimpour, Amir-Mohammad Khosh Eghbal, Amirhossein Maghsoodlou, Babak Alipour, Behrooz Ehsani, Eido Shahbakhsh, Execution, Farshad Etemadi Far, Farshad Etemadifar, Farshid Hasan Zehi, Habib Deris, Hatam Ozdemir, Hossein Nemati, Isa Eidmohammadi, Kaveh Salehi, Malek Davarshenas, Manoochehr Fallah, Masoud Jamei, Mehdi Hasani, Mehrab Abdollahzadeh, Mehran Abdollahzadeh, Mehran Farahavar, Milad Armoon, Moein Khanfari, Mohammad Zeynoddini, Mohammadjavad Vafaee Sani, Mohammadmahdi Soleimani, Mohammadreza Moghadam, Navid Najjaran, Pakhshan Azizi, Pejman Soltani, Peyman Farah-Avar, Peyman Farahavar, Political Prisoners, Pouya Ghobadi Bistooni, Rahim Mirbaloch, Rezgar Beigzadeh Babamiri, Roozbeh Vadi, Salem Mousavi, Saman Mohammadi Khiarah, Security Prisoners, Seyed Abolhassan Montazer, Seyed Malek Mousavi, Seyed Mohammad Taghavi Sangdehi, Shahin Basami, Shahin Bassami, Sharifeh Mohammadi, Soleiman Shahbakhsh, Soran Ghasemi, Tataloo, Tifour Salimi Babamiri, Vahid Baniamrian, Verisheh Moradi, Yousef Ahmadi

HRANA – At least 56 individuals facing political or security-related charges have been sentenced to death and are currently held in various prisons across Iran. HRANA’s investigations show that the death sentences of at least 22 of these individuals have been issued by judicial authorities in Tehran, accounting for a significant share of the total. This report provides a detailed list and the latest updates on their cases.

According to HRANA, the news agency of Human Rights Activists in Iran, many of these prisoners have been denied fair trial rights. These include limited or no access to legal counsel and a lack of transparency in judicial proceedings. Some were denied the right to legal counsel of one’s choosing, while others were prevented from meeting with their chosen legal representatives despite having them. A significant number of these individuals, while rejecting the charges against them, have been arbitrarily sentenced to death through opaque and unfair processes. Reports also indicate that some of these prisoners are currently being held in solitary confinement awaiting execution.

HRANA’s findings reveal that courts in Tehran have issued the highest number of death sentences in political and security-related cases. Among them, Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Abolghasem Salavati; Branch 26, led by Judge Iman Afshari; and Branch 28, headed by Judge Mohammadreza Amouzad, have played especially prominent roles. In northwestern Iran, the Revolutionary Court of Urmia has handed down the highest number of death sentences for political offenses. Additionally, courts in Ahvaz, Rasht, Mashhad, Mahshahr, and Zahedan have each sentenced multiple individuals mentioned in this report to death. The primary charges brought against these defendants include baghi (armed rebellion) and moharebeh (enmity against God).

In several instances, death sentences initially overturned by the Supreme Court were reinstated by parallel judicial branches. For example, Hatam Ozdemir, Mohammad-Javad Vafa’i Sani, Isa Eidmohammadi, Saman Mohammadi Kheyareh, and Sharifeh Mohammadi were all resentenced to death after the Supreme Court had annulled their original verdicts. Notably, Mohammad-Javad Vafa’i Sani was sentenced to death for a third time during retrial proceedings.

Defense attorneys have consistently raised concerns over the lack of fairness and due process in these cases. In one example, following the Supreme Court’s rejection of Mehdi Hasani’s fourth request for retrial, his lawyer revealed that the court had dismissed the petition without retrieving the original case file from the trial court—likely without even reviewing the submitted legal arguments.

In the cases of Pakhshan Azizi, Verisheh Moradi, and Sharifeh Mohammadi, more than 200 attorneys issued a public statement addressed to Iran’s Chief Justice, condemning the death sentences issued against the three women and calling for their immediate revocation. The statement described the verdicts as “a blatant violation of human rights” and pointed to “serious ambiguities and deficiencies in legal proceedings, access to legal counsel, evaluation of evidence, and judicial impartiality.”

This report, with a focus on the human cost, outlines the names and current legal statuses of 56 individuals sentenced to death on political and security-related charges.

 

1. Varisheh Moradi

  • Prison: Qarchak Prison, Varamin
  • Main Charge: Baghi (armed rebellion)
  • Court: Branch 15, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
Varisheh Moradi was arrested by security forces in the suburbs of Sanandaj on August 1, 2023. She was transferred to the women’s ward of Evin Prison on December 26. In November 2024, she was sentenced to death by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Abolghasem Salavati, on charges including membership in an opposition group and Baghi (armed rebellion).

 

2. Pakhshan Azizi

  • Prison: Qarchak Prison, Varamin
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 26, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence issued and upheld by the Supreme Court
Pakhshan Azizi, a resident of Mahabad, was arrested in Tehran on August 4, 2023, and transferred to Ward 209 of Evin Prison. After four months of interrogation, she was moved to the women’s ward. On July 24, 2023, Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Iman Afshari, sentenced her to death and four years of imprisonment on charges of Baghi through membership in opposition groups. The Supreme Court has recently upheld her case.

 

 

3. Akbar Daneshvar-Kar

  • Prison: Great Tehran Penitentiary
  • Main Charge: Baghi (armed rebellion)
  • Court: Branch 26, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
4. Seyed Mohammad Taghavi Sangdehi

  • Prison: Great Tehran Penitentiary
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 26, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
5. Babak Alipour

  • Prison: Great Tehran Penitentiary
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 26, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
6. Pouya Ghobadi Bistoni

  • Prison: Great Tehran Penitentiary
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 26, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
7. Vahid Bani-Amerian

  • Prison: Great Tehran Penitentiary
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 26, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
8. Seyed Abolhasan Montazer

  • Prison: Great Tehran Penitentiary
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 26, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
Vahid Bani-Amerian and Seyed Abolhasan Montazer were arrested in December 2022, and Babak Alipour was detained in autumn 2023 in Tehran. Pouya Ghobadi and Seyed Mohammad Taghavi were arrested in Chaldoran, and Akbar Daneshvar-Kar was detained on February 23, 2024, by security forces and transferred to Evin Prison.

In December 2024, Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Iman Afshari, sentenced these six political prisoners to death on charges including Baghi (armed rebellion) through membership in opposition groups, assembly and collusion to disrupt national security, formation of illegal groups, destruction of public property, and illegal border crossing.

Additionally, they received supplementary sentences:

  • Akbar Daneshvarkar and Seyed Mohammad Taghavi Sangdehi: 15 years imprisonment each.
  • Babak Alipour: 5 years imprisonment and 20 years exile in Khash.
  • Pouya Ghobadi Bistoni: 1 year imprisonment.
  • Vahid Bani-Amerian: 5 years imprisonment.
  • Seyed Abolhasan Montazer: 5 years imprisonment.

 

9. Eido Shah-Bakhsh

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Baghi (armed rebellion)
  • Court: Branch 28, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Sentence upheld by the Supreme Court; referred to the execution branch
10. Abdolghani Shah-Bakhsh

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 28, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Sentence upheld by the Supreme Court; referred to the execution branch
11. Abdolrahim Ghanbarzahi Gorgij (Rahim Mirbaloch)

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 28, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Sentence upheld by the Supreme Court; referred to the execution branch
12. Soleiman Shah-Bakhsh

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 28, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Sentence upheld by the Supreme Court; referred to the execution branch
These individuals were arrested in 2012. Many of their court sessions were irregular, and some defendants, such as Eido Shah-Bakhsh and Abdolghani Shah-Bakhsh, were acquitted by Branch 1 of the Zahedan Revolutionary Court but were rearrested in 2016 following objections from security agencies. On February 4, 2024, Branch 28 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Mohammad Reza Amouzad Khalili, sentenced them to death for Baghi through membership in opposition groups and armed rebellion against the regime. The Supreme Court’s Branch 32 upheld their death sentences, and the cases were referred to the first branch of the Tehran Security Prosecutor’s Execution Office.

 

13. Milad Armoun

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Participation in murder and intentional assault (in a case known as Ekbatan Town case)
  • Court: Branch 13, Tehran Criminal Court One
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
14. Alireza Kafaei

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Participation in murder and intentional assault
  • (in a case known as Ekbatan Town case)
  • Court: Branch 13, Tehran Criminal Court One
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
15. Amir Mohammad Khosh-Eghbal

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Participation in murder and intentional assault
  • (in a case known as Ekbatan Town case)
  • Court: Branch 13, Tehran Criminal Court One
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
16. Navid Najaran

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Participation in murder and intentional assault
  • (in a case known as Ekbatan Town case)
  • Court: Branch 13, Tehran Criminal Court One
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
17. Hossein Nemati

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Participation in murder and intentional assault
  • (in a case known as Ekbatan Town case)
  • Court: Branch 13, Tehran Criminal Court One
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
18. Alireza Barmarz Pournak

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Participation in murder and intentional assault
  • (in a case known as Ekbatan Town case)
  • Court: Branch 13, Tehran Criminal Court One
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
These individuals are defendants in the so-called “Ekbatan Town” case. They were arrested in 2022 during nationwide protests after the killing of a Basij militia member named Arman Ali Vardi in Ekbatan Town. In November 2024, Branch 13 of Tehran Criminal Court One sentenced each of them to death for “participation in murder and intentional assault.”

 

19. Behrooz Ehsani

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Baghi (armed rebellion)
  • Court: Branch 26, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
20. Mehdi Hasani

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 26, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
Behrooz Ehsani was arrested on November 28, 2022, at his home in Tehran and transferred to Ward 209 of Evin Prison. Mehdi Hasani was arrested on September 9, 2022, while attempting to leave the country in Zanjan and later transferred to Evin Prison. In September 2024, Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Iman Afshari, sentenced them to death. The charges included “Baghi, Moharebeh (enmity against God), spreading corruption on earth, membership in opposition groups, gathering classified information, and collusion against national security.” In mid-July 2025, Mehdi Hasani’s request for retrial was rejected by the Supreme Court for the fourth time.

 

21. Hatem Özdemir

  • Prison: Urmia Prison
  • Main Charge: Moharebeh (enmity against God)
  • Court: Branch 3, Urmia Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
Hatem Özdemir was arrested in Maku in early summer 2019 by security forces and transferred to the political ward of Urmia Prison after two months. Initially sentenced to death for Baghi by the Khoy Revolutionary Court in late winter 2021, his sentence was overturned by the Supreme Court and sent for retrial. In May 2024, he was resentenced to death for Moharebeh by Branch 3 of the Urmia Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Najafzadeh. The sentence was upheld by the Supreme Court in September 2023. In May of this year, Özdemir’s request for retrial was also rejected for the second time.

 

22. Mehrab (Mehran) Abdollahzadeh

  • Prison: Urmia Prison
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Urmia Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
Mehrab (Mehran) Abdollahzadeh was arrested during the nationwide protests of 2022 and transferred to Urmia Prison. He was later sentenced to death by the Urmia Revolutionary Court, accused of killing a Basij militia member, leading to charges of Baghi and his death sentence.

 

23. Farshid Hassan Zahi

  • Prison: Ward 9, Zahedan Prison
  • Main Charge: Moharebeh (enmity against God)
  • Court: Branch 1, Zahedan Criminal Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence issued, referred to Branch 32 of the Supreme Court
Farshid Hassan Zahi, was arrested on November 24, 2022, in the village of Cheshmeh Ziarat, Zahedan, by security forces. He was accused of “shooting at a police vehicle in Cheshmeh Ziarat, killing soldier Behzad Brahooie, and injuring lieutenant Mehdi Hashem Zahi.” He is currently held in Ward 9 of Zahedan Prison. The court session that led to his death sentence was conducted online, without the presence of his defense attorney.

 

24. Mohammad Zeyneddini

  • Prison: Ward 9, Zahedan Prison
  • Main Charge: Moharebeh (enmity against God)
  • Court: Branch 1, Zahedan Criminal Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
25. Adham Naroui

  • Prison: Ward 9, Zahedan Prison
  • Main Charge: Moharebeh
  • Court: Branch 1, Zahedan Criminal Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
Mohammad Zeyneddini was arrested in October 2020, and Adham Naroui was detained on May 25, 2021, in Lashar, Espakeh County, Sistan and Baluchestan province, by security forces. Their cases, initially investigated by Branch 6 of the Zahedan Prosecutor’s Office, were later referred to Branch 1 of Zahedan Criminal Court for the killing of three security forces. In early 2023, both were sentenced to death by the court for “Moharebeh through armed action.” Their sentences were upheld by the Supreme Court on November 20, 2023.

 

26. Mohammad Javad Vafaei Thani

  • Prison: Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad
  • Main Charge: Corruption on Earth through arson and deliberate destruction of specific sites
  • Court: Branch 2, Mashhad Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued following a retrial
Mohammad Javad Vafaei Sani, a 28-year-old boxing coach, was arrested in March 2020 in Mashhad by security forces and transferred to Vakilabad Prison. In January 2022, he was sentenced to death by Branch 4 of Mashhad Revolutionary Court for “corruption on earth through arson and deliberate destruction of specific sites, including a government building.” The sentence was overturned by the Supreme Court, and the case was sent for retrial. In August 2023, Branch 2 of Mashhad Revolutionary Court reissued the death sentence. The case was once again overturned by the Supreme Court, but in September 2023, Branch 3 of Mashhad Revolutionary Court sentenced him to death for a third time. His lawyer, Babak Paknia, criticized the decision, stating the court ignored the Supreme Court’s reasoning. This verdict is subject to appeal.

 

27. Abbas Deris

  • Prison: Mahshahr Prison
  • Main Charge: Moharebeh (enmity against God)
  • Court: Branch 1, Mahshahr Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
Abbas Deris was arrested on December 8, 2019, alongside his brother Mohsen by intelligence agents. In October 2022, he was sentenced to death for Moharebeh by Branch 1 of Mahshahr Revolutionary Court. The sentence was upheld by the Supreme Court in July 2023. After a retrial request in July 2023, the Supreme Court temporarily suspended the sentence but ultimately rejected the request in February 2024. His lawyer has filed for judicial review under Article 477. In another case, he was sentenced to 14 years for murder and weapons possession.

 

28. Ahmadreza Jalali (Djalali) 

  • Prison: Unknown
  • Main Charge: Espionage
  • Court: Not specified
  • Case Status: Death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
Ahmadreza Jalali, a dual-national academic, was arrested in April 2016 during a visit to Iran upon the invitation of Tehran University. He was later sentenced to death for espionage. The Supreme Court upheld his sentence in December 2017. The judiciary spokesperson, Zabihollah Khodaian, confirmed on May 10, 2023, that the sentence is final and enforceable.

 

29. Yousef Ahmadi

  • Prison: Sanandaj Prison
  • Main Charge: Baghi (armed rebellion)
  • Court: Branch 1, Sanandaj Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
Yousef Ahmadi, along with three co-defendants in a joint case, was arrested in April 2020 on suspicion of “collaborating with a Kurdish opposition party.” In September 2023, Branch 1 of the Sanandaj Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Saeedi, sentenced Ahmadi to death for Baghi and sentenced the other three co-defendants to long prison terms for complicity. The Supreme Court upheld Ahmadi’s death sentence in January 2024.

 

30. Mohammad Mehdi Soleimani

  • Prison: Ward 1, Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad
  • Main Charge: Killing a Basij member
  • Court: Branch 5, Khorasan Razavi Criminal Court One
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
State media reported that an individual identified as “Mohammad Mehdi-S” was sentenced to death by Branch 5 of the Khorasan Razavi Criminal Court for the killing of Basij member Rasoul Doost Mohammadi during the 2022 nationwide protests. He was also sentenced to flogging (74 lashes) and imprisonment for possession of explosives and incendiary materials. HRANA confirmed his identity as Mohammad Mehdi Soleimani, currently held in Ward 1 of Vakilabad Prison.

 

31. Ali Mojaddam

  • Prison: Sepidar Prison, Ahvaz
  • Main Charge: Leadership and membership in a rebellious group
  • Court: Ahvaz Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
32. Mohammadreza Moghaddam

  • Prison: Sepidar Prison, Ahvaz
  • Main Charge: Leadership and membership in a rebellious group
  • Court: Ahvaz Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
33. Moein Khanfari

  • Prison: Sepidar Prison, Ahvaz
  • Main Charge: Membership in a rebellious group
  • Court: Ahvaz Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
34. Adnan Ghobeishavi

  • Prison: Sepidar Prison, Ahvaz
  • Main Charge: Membership in a rebellious group
  • Court: Ahvaz Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
35. Salem Mousavi

  • Prison: Sheiban Prison, Ahvaz
  • Main Charge: Membership in a rebellious group
  • Court: Ahvaz Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
36. Habib Deris

  • Prison: Sheiban Prison, Ahvaz
  • Main Charge: Membership in a rebellious group
  • Court: Ahvaz Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
They were arrested in February 2019 by security forces in Khuzestan. In March 2023, Mojaddam and Moghadam were sentenced to death for leadership and membership in the “armed branch of Harakat al-Nazal al-Arabi,” accused of armed opposition to the Islamic Republic. The others were sentenced to death for membership in the same group. Their cases are currently under review by the Supreme Court. In late October 2024, Mojdam, Moghadam, Khanfari, and Ghobeishavi were transferred from Sheiban Prison to Sepidar Prison in Ahvaz.
Meanwhile, Ali Mojadam, Moein Khonafari, and Mohammadreza Moghadam were transferred to solitary confinement in this prison on June 26, 2025.

 

37. Isa Eidmohammadi

  • Prison: Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad
  • Main Charge: Baghi through membership in a Salafi group
  • Court: Branch 4, Mashhad Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court

In 2015, Isa Eidmohammadi and eleven others were arrested in a joint case by agents of the Ministry of Intelligence and were transferred a year later to Vakilabad Prison in Mashhad. Ultimately, in 2019, Branch 1 of the Mashhad Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Mahmoud Davoudabadi, sentenced Isa Eidmohammadi, Hamid Rast Bala, Farhad Shakeri, Kabir Sa’adat Jahani, Mohammad-Ali Arayesh, Hakim Azim Gorgij, Abdolrahman Gorgij, Taj Mohammad Khormali, and Malek Ali Fadaei Nasab to death on charges of baghi (armed rebellion) through membership in the Salafi group “Hizb al-Furqan” and membership in the “National Solidarity Front of Iranian Sunnis.” Mohammadreza Sheikh Ahmadi, Abdolbaset Oorsan, and Morteza Fakouri were each sentenced to 15 years in prison on charges of baghi through membership in the Takfiri-Salafi group ISIS.

Among them, the death sentences of Hamid Rast Bala, Kabir Sa’adat Jahani, and Mohammad-Ali Arayesh were carried out on December 31, 2020, in Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad. The death sentences of the other six prisoners were later overturned by Branch 41 of the Supreme Court, presided over by Judge Ali Razini, and the case was referred to a parallel branch for retrial.

In July 2023, Branch 4 of the Mashhad Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Ahmadian Salami, sentenced the six prisoners to death again following a retrial. In August 2023, their death sentences were upheld by Branch 39 of the Supreme Court. On April 7, 2025, Farhad Shakeri, Abdolhakim Azim Gorgij, Abdolrahman Gorgij, Taj Mohammad Khormali, and Malek Ali Fadaei Nasab were executed in Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad.

 

38. Malek Davarshenas (Seyed Malek Mousavi)

  • Prison: Sheiban Prison, Ahvaz
  • Main Charge: Baghi through setting fire to a Basij base
  • Court: Branch 2, Dezful Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
Malek Davarshenas (Seyed Malek Mousavi) was arrested in May 2021 along with another individual by security forces. Following interrogations, Branch 2 of Dezful Revolutionary Court sentenced Davarshenas to death for “Baghi,” while the co-defendant was sentenced to 10 years in prison for “participation in disrupting order.” The charges against Davarshenas include “attacking and setting fire to the Shavoor Basij Resistance Base.”

 

39 Ali Obeidavi

  • Prison: Mahshahr Prison
  • Main Charge: Attack on a Basij base
  • Court: Mahshahr Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
Ali Obeidavi was arrested in 2019 along with his brother, Hossein Obeidavi, on charges of “attacking a Basij base.” After four years, the Mahshahr Revolutionary Court sentenced Ali to death and his brother to 13 years in prison.

 

40. Saman Mohammadi Kheyareh

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Moharebeh (enmity against God)
  • Court: Branch 15, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
Saman Mohammadi Kheyareh, a 34-year-old from Sanandaj, was arrested in February 2010 on charges of Moharebeh. A few months later, he was sentenced to death by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Abolghasem Salavati. Due to insufficient evidence, the Supreme Court overturned the sentence, and the case was referred for retrial, resulting in a 15-year prison sentence for membership in opposition groups. However, under pressure from security agencies, the previous ruling was annulled, and he was again sentenced to death on the same charges.

 

41. Amir Rahimpour

  • Prison: Unknown
  • Main Charge: Collaboration with a hostile government (the United States)
  • Court: Unknown
  • Case Status: Death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
On February 4, 2020, Gholamhossein Esmaeili, former spokesperson for the judiciary, announced that the Supreme Court had upheld the death sentence of Amir Rahimpour, who holds a master’s degree in power engineering, on charges of “collaboration with the hostile government of the United States.” Esmaeili claimed that the defendant had “established ties with an intelligence agency, received large payments as compensation, and attempted to pass part of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s nuclear information to the U.S. intelligence service.”

 

42. Amir Hossein Maghsoudloo (Tataloo)

  • Prison: Greater Tehran Penitentiary
  • Main Charge: Sab al-Nabi (insulting the Prophet of Islam)
  • Court: Branch 6 of the Tehran Criminal Court
  • Case Status: Initial verdict issued

In December 2023, Amirhossein Maghsoudlou, known as “Tataloo,” was transferred to Iran at his request by Turkish police and was arrested in coordination with Iranian judicial authorities.

In April 2025, the spokesperson for the judiciary announced that Branch 6 of Tehran Province Criminal Court had issued a death sentence for Maghsoudlou on the charge of Sab al-Nabi (insulting the Prophet of Islam).

Tataloo was also sentenced to 10 years in prison in a separate case on charges of “encouraging immorality and immodesty.” That verdict was upheld by the court of appeals, and the case was forwarded to the sentence enforcement branch.

In May 2025, his defense attorney announced that “a request under Article 477 was submitted, challenging the religious legality of the ruling, and the Chief Justice issued an order for the case to be reviewed.” The lawyer did not specify which of Mr. Maghsoudlou’s cases the request pertained to.

 

 

43. Rezgar Beigzadeh Babamiri

  • Prison: Urmia Prison
  • Main Charge: Moharebeh (enmity against God)
  • Court: Branch 1 of the Urmia Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
44. Pezhman Soltani

  • Prison: Urmia Prison
  • Main Charge: Moharebeh (enmity against God)
  • Court: Branch 1 of the Urmia Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
45. Ali (Soran) Ghasemi

  • Prison: Urmia Prison
  • Main Charge: Moharebeh (enmity against God)
  • Court: Branch 1 of the Urmia Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
46. Kaveh Salehi

  • Prison: Urmia Prison
  • Main Charge: Moharebeh (enmity against God)
  • Court: Branch 1 of the Urmia Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
47. Teyfour Salimi Babamiri

  • Prison: Urmia Prison
  • Main Charge: Moharebeh (enmity against God)
  • Court: Branch 1 of the Urmia Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued

In July 2025, these political prisoners were sentenced to death and imprisonment by Branch 1 of the Urmia Revolutionary Court. Ali (Soran) Ghasemi, Pezhman Soltani, and Kaveh Salehi were each sentenced to death three times on charges of baghi (armed rebellion), moharebeh (enmity against God), and leading and forming an armed rebellious group.

Rezgar Bigzadeh Babamiri was sentenced to death twice on charges of baghi and leading and forming an armed rebellious group. Teyfour Salimi Babamiri was also sentenced to death on the charge of leading and forming an armed rebellious group.

 

48. Manouchehr Fallah

  • Prison: Lakan Prison, Rasht
  • Main Charge: Moharebeh (enmity against God)
  • Court: Branch 2 of the Rasht Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
In June 2023, Fallah was arrested by security forces at Rasht Airport and transferred to Lakan Prison in the city. In February 2025, he was sentenced to death by Branch 2 of the Rasht Revolutionary Court on the charge of moharebeh. The court session reviewing his charges was held via video conference on December 11, 2024.

 

49. Peyman (Amin) Farah-Avar

  • Prison: Lakan Prison, Rasht
  • Main Charge: Baghi (armed rebellion) and Moharebeh (enmity against God)
  • Court: Branch 1 of the Rasht Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
In September 2024, Farah-Avar was arrested by security forces and transferred to The Ministry of Intelligence’s detention facility. After completing the interrogation process, he was moved to Lakan Prison in Rasht. In May 2025, Branch 1 of the Rasht Revolutionary Court sentenced him to death on charges of Baghi and Moharebeh.

 

50. Sharifeh Mohammadi

  • Prison: Lakan Prison, Rasht
  • Main Charge: Baghi (armed rebellion) and Moharebeh (enmity against God)
  • Court: Branch 1 of the Rasht Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence issued following a retrial

On December 5, 2023, Sharifeh Mohammadi was arrested at her home by agents of the Ministry of Intelligence. In July 2023, she was initially sentenced to death by Branch 2 of the Rasht Revolutionary Court on the charge of baghi. That sentence was later overturned by Branch 39 of the Supreme Court.

In February 2025, she was retried and once again sentenced to death by Branch 2 of the Rasht Revolutionary Court on the same charge of baghi.

 

51. Roozbeh Vadi

  • Prison: Unknown
  • Main Charge: Collaboration or contact with Israel
  • Court: Unknown
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
52. Shahin Basami

  • Prison: Unknown
  • Main Charge: Collaboration or contact with Israel
  • Court: Unknown
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
53. Afshin Ghorbani Mishaie

  • Prison: Unknown
  • Main Charge: Collaboration or contact with Israel
  • Court: Unknown
  • Case Status: Death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
Amnesty International recently announced that three prisoners are on the verge of execution. While the organization did not provide details about the charges or judicial proceedings, it confirmed that the death sentence of Afshin Ghorbani Mishaei’i has been upheld by the Supreme Court.

HRANA has not independently verified the status of this case following Amnesty reports.

 

54. Masoud Jamei

  • Prison: Sheiban Prison, Ahvaz
  • Main Charge: Efsad fel-Arz (corruption on earth), membership in armed rebellious groups
  • Court: Branch 1 of the Ahvaz Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
55. Alireza Merdasi

  • Prison: Sheiban Prison, Ahvaz
  • Main Charge: Efsad fel-Arz (corruption on earth), membership in armed rebellious groups
  • Court: Branch 1 of the Ahvaz Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
56. Farshad Etemadifar

  • Prison: Sheiban Prison, Ahvaz
  • Main Charge: Efsad fel-Arz (corruption on earth), membership in armed rebellious groups
  • Court: Branch 1 of the Ahvaz Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued

Farshad Etemadi-Far was arrested by security forces on June 16, 2023, while Masoud Jamei and Alireza Mardasi were detained on August 1, 2023.

Recently, Branch 1 of the Ahvaz Revolutionary Court sentenced all three political prisoners—Etemadi-Far, Mardasi, and Jamei—to two death sentences and one year in prison each on charges of efsad fel-arz (corruption on earth), membership in armed rebellious groups, and propaganda against the regime.

They are currently held in Sheiban Prison in Ahvaz.

This report offers a stark picture of the widespread human rights violations and systemic injustice in Iran. It documents the cases of individuals sentenced to death on political and security-related charges, including baghi (armed rebellion) and moharebeh (enmity against God)—charges often brought against people who were involved in non-violent activities or were arrested solely for their political beliefs or ideological affiliations. In many cases, defendants have been denied basic fair trial rights, such as access to independent legal counsel and a transparent judicial process leading to urgent dangers of arbitrary executions.

Human Rights Activists in Iran calls for a moratorium on the use of the death penalty in all circumstances. These patterns raise serious concerns about the use of the death penalty as a tool for silencing political and ideological dissent.

It is critical to recognize that the crisis of executions in Iran extends well beyond the political prisoner population. According to the annual report of the Statistics and Publications Center of Human Rights Activists in Iran, at least 930 individuals were executed in Iranian prisons between January 1 and December 31, 2024—including five juvenile offenders. This figure represents a 24.6% increase compared to the same period the year before. Of those executed, four were hanged in public, while another 214 people were newly sentenced to death. During the same period, the Supreme Court upheld the initial death sentences of 54 more individuals.

The international community, human rights organizations, and concerned members of the public must act with urgency—by closely monitoring these cases and applying pressure on the Iranian authorities to prevent the continuation of unjust and politically motivated executions.

 

Four Protesters Sentenced to Prison and Flogging

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Freedom of Expression, News
Alireza Barmarz Pournak, Alireza Kafaei, Amir-Mohammad Khosh Eghbal, Hossein Nemati, Iman Afshari, kbatan Complex, Masoud Vazifeh, Milad Armoun, Mojtaba Ebrahimi, Navid Najaran, Sina Maleki, Sohrab Hassan-Khani, Tehran

HRANA News Agency – Masoud Vazifeh, Sohrab Hassan-Khani, Sina Maleki, and Mojtaba Ebrahimi — political defendants — were sentenced by Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court to a total of 9 years in prison, 184 lashes, and paying a fine. These individuals had previously staged a sit-in to protest death sentences issued against defendants in the so-called “Ekbatan Complex” case. They were later released after being arrested.

Based on the ruling issued by Iman Afshari, the presiding judge of Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court:

  1. Masoud Vazifeh was sentenced to one year in prison for “propaganda against the regime,” one year in prison and 74 lashes for “disturbing public order and peace,” and two years in prison plus a 50-million-toman fine for “spreading falsehoods.” He did not attend the court sessions, and the verdict was issued in absentia.

  2. Sohrab Hassan-Khani was sentenced to eight months in prison and 40 lashes for “disturbing public order and peace,” and two years in prison along with a 50-million-toman fine for “spreading falsehoods.”

  3. Sina Maleki was sentenced to six months in prison and 30 lashes for “disturbing public order and peace.” His sentence has been suspended for three years. During the suspension period, he is also banned from using a smartphone.

  4. Mojtaba Ebrahimi was sentenced to 14 months in prison and a 30-million-toman fine for “spreading falsehoods,” and eight months in prison and 40 lashes for “disturbing public order and peace” (with time served counted toward the sentence). His sentence has also been suspended for three years, and he is banned from using a smartphone during the suspension period.

Masoud Vazifeh was released from Evin Prison on bail on February 5, Mojtaba Ebrahimi on January 4, Sohrab Hassan-Khani on December 30, 2024, and Sina Maleki during the winter.

These individuals had been arrested by security forces in December 2024 after staging a sit-in to protest the death sentences in the “Ekbatan Complex” case. Following their arrest, they were transferred to The Ministry of Intelligence’s detention facility, known as Ward 209 of Evin Prison.

Masoud Vazifeh has previously faced arrest and judicial action due to his activism.

It is worth noting that in November 2024, attorney Babak Paknia reported that death sentences had been issued for Milad Armoun, Alireza Kafaei, Amir Mohammad Khosh-Eghbal, Navid Najaran, Hossein Nemati, and Alireza Barmarz Pournak— all defendants in the “Ekbatan Complex” case. These sentences were issued by Branch 13 of the Tehran Criminal Court.

The Latest Comprehensive List of 54 Political and Security Prisoners Sentenced to Death in Iran

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Executions, Freedom of Expression, News
Abbas Deris, Abbas Korkor, Abdolhakim Azim Gorgij, Abdolrahim Ghanbarzahi, Abdolrahman Gorgij, Adham Naroui, Adnan Ghabishavi, Ahmadreza Jalali, Akbar Daneshvarkar, Ali Mojdam, Ali Obeidavi, Alireza Barmerzpournak, Alireza Kafaei, Amir-Mohammad Khosh Eghbal, Azad Shojaei, Babak Alipour, Behrouz Ehsani, Edris Ali, Eido Shah-Bakhsh, Farhad Shakri, Farshid Hassanzahi, Gorgij Abdolghani Shah-Bakhsh, Habib Deris, Hamid Hossein-Nezhad Heidaranlou, Hatam Ozdemir, Hossein Nemati, Isa Eidmohammadi, Malek Ali Fadaei Nasab, Malek Davarshenas, Mehdi Hassani, Milad Armon, Moein Khenafri, Mohammad Amin Mahdavi Shayesteh, Mohammad Javad Vafaei Sani, Mohammad Mehdi Soleimani, Mohammad Reza Moghadam, Mohammad Zeynaldini, Naser Bakirzadeh, Navid Najaran, Pakhshan Azizi, Pouya Ghabadi Biston, Rasoul Ahmad Mohammad, Salem Mousavi, Saman Mohammadi Khiyareh, Seyed Abolhasan Montazer, Seyed Mohammad Taghavi Sangdehi, Shahin Vasaf, Shahriar Bayat, Soleiman Shah-Bakhsh, Taj Mohammad Khormal, Vahid Bani-Amirian, Varisheh Moradi, Yousef Ahmadi

HRANA News Agency –Recent investigations by HRANA reveal that at least 54 prisoners across Iran have been sentenced to death on political or security-related charges. The findings show that some of these sentences have been upheld by the Supreme Court and forwarded to execution branches. Of these, at least 24 were sentenced to death by Tehran’s Revolutionary and Criminal Courts, while the remaining 30 are concentrated in provinces such as Khuzestan, Razavi Khorasan, West Azerbaijan, Sistan and Baluchestan, and Kurdistan.

HRANA’s research highlights serious due process violations in many of these cases. Prisoners were frequently denied fair trials, including restricted or outright denial of access to legal representation and a lack of transparency in judicial proceedings. Some were denied access to their chosen attorneys, while in other instances, judicial authorities blocked meetings between prisoners and their lawyers. A significant number of these individuals, who denied the charges against them, were sentenced to death following opaque and unjust trials. Reports further indicate that some of these prisoners are currently held in solitary confinement, awaiting execution.

Investigations show that judges in Tehran courts have issued the majority of death sentences for these prisoners. The main charge against them is cited as “Baghi” (armed rebellion or uprising against the government). Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Abolghasem Salavati, and Branch 26, led by Judge Iman Afshari, have played significant roles in issuing these sentences. In Urmia, sentences against prisoners, including porters accused of espionage for Israel, have been issued by Branch 3 of the Urmia Revolutionary Court.

Some death sentences were reissued in equivalent-level courts after being overturned by the Supreme Court. For example, Hatem Özdemir and Abbas (Mojahid) Korkor (Korkori) were resentenced to death in equivalent courts following the annulment of their initial sentences. Similarly, Mohammad Javad Vafaei Sani was sentenced to death for the third time during judicial proceedings.

While certain individuals have been accused of espionage, the Iranian government’s track record of leveraging such charges as a political tool against dissidents raises serious doubts about these allegations. The use of the death penalty in cases shrouded in secrecy and lacking transparency only exacerbates concerns.

Lawyers for some of these prisoners have repeatedly asserted that their clients were sentenced to death in unfair judicial processes that failed to meet fair trial standards. For instance, in the case of Pakhshan Azizi, her lawyers stated that the evidence presented to the Supreme Court demonstrated that she had no involvement in military activities and was solely engaged in humanitarian efforts in refugee camps for those displaced by ISIS. They expressed concern over the potential rushed handling of the case and called for a thorough and fair review of the evidence.

This report focuses on the human consequences of these cases, identifying the names and examining the latest legal statuses of 54 prisoners sentenced to death on political and security-related charges.

 

1. Varisheh Moradi

  • Prison: Evin Prison
  • Main Charge: Baghi (armed rebellion)
  • Court: Branch 15, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
Varisheh Moradi was arrested by security forces in the suburbs of Sanandaj on August 1, 2023. She was transferred to the women’s ward of Evin Prison on December 26. In November, 2024, she was sentenced to death by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Abolghasem Salavati, on charges including membership in an opposition group and Baghi.

 

2. Pakhshan Azizi

  • Prison: Evin Prison
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 26, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence issued and upheld by the Supreme Court
Pakhshan Azizi, a resident of Mahabad, was arrested in Tehran on August 4, 2023, and transferred to Ward 209 of Evin Prison. After four months of interrogation, she was moved to the women’s ward. On July 24, 2023, Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Iman Afshari, sentenced her to death and four years of imprisonment on charges of Baghi through membership in opposition groups. Her case has been recently upheld by the Supreme Court.

 

 

3. Akbar Daneshvar-Kar

  • Prison: Evin Prison
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 26, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
4. Seyed Mohammad Taghavi Sangdehi

  • Prison: Evin Prison
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 26, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
5. Babak Alipour

  • Prison: Evin Prison
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 26, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
6. Pouya Ghobadi Bistoni

  • Prison: Evin Prison
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 26, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
7. Vahid Bani-Amerian

  • Prison: Evin Prison
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 26, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
8. Seyed Abolhasan Montazer

  • Prison: Evin Prison
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 26, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
Vahid Bani-Amerian and Seyed Abolhasan Montazer were arrested in December 2022, and Babak Alipour was detained in autumn 2023 in Tehran. Pouya Ghobadi and Seyed Mohammad Taghavi were arrested in Chaldoran, and Akbar Daneshvar-Kar was detained on February 23, 2024, by security forces and transferred to Evin Prison.

In December 2024, Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Iman Afshari, sentenced these six political prisoners to death on charges including Baghi (armed rebellion) through membership in opposition groups, conspiracy to disrupt national security, formation of illegal groups, destruction of public property, and illegal border crossing.

Additionally, they received supplementary sentences:

  • Akbar Daneshvarkar and Seyed Mohammad Taghavi Sangdehi: 15 years imprisonment each.
  • Babak Alipour: 5 years imprisonment and 20 years exile in Khash.
  • Pouya Ghobadi Bistoni: 1 year imprisonment.
  • Vahid Bani-Amerian: 5 years imprisonment.
  • Seyed Abolhasan Montazer: 5 years imprisonment.

 

9. Eido Shah-Bakhsh

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Baghi (armed rebellion)
  • Court: Branch 28, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Sentence upheld by the Supreme Court; referred to the execution branch
10. Abdolghani Shah-Bakhsh

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 28, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Sentence upheld by the Supreme Court; referred to the execution branch
11. Abdolrahim Ghanbarzahi Gorgij (Rahim Mirbaloch)

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 28, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Sentence upheld by the Supreme Court; referred to the execution branch
12. Soleiman Shah-Bakhsh

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 28, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Sentence upheld by the Supreme Court; referred to the execution branch
These individuals were arrested in 2012. Many of their court sessions were irregular, and some defendants, such as Eido Shah-Bakhsh and Abdolghani Shah-Bakhsh, were acquitted by Branch 1 of the Zahedan Revolutionary Court but were rearrested in 2016 following objections from security agencies. On February 4, 2024, Branch 28 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Mohammad Reza Amozad Khalili, sentenced them to death for Baghi through membership in opposition groups and armed rebellion against the regime. The Supreme Court’s Branch 32 upheld their death sentences, and the cases were referred to the first branch of the Tehran Security Prosecutor’s Execution Office.

 

13. Milad Armoun

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Participation in murder and intentional assault
  • Court: Branch 13, Tehran Criminal Court One
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
14. Alireza Kafaei

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Participation in murder and intentional assault
  • Court: Branch 13, Tehran Criminal Court One
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
15. Amir Mohammad Khosh-Eghbal

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Participation in murder and intentional assault
  • Court: Branch 13, Tehran Criminal Court One
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
16. Navid Najaran

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Participation in murder and intentional assault
  • Court: Branch 13, Tehran Criminal Court One
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
17. Hossein Nemati

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Participation in murder and intentional assault
  • Court: Branch 13, Tehran Criminal Court One
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
18. Alireza Barmarz Pournak

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Participation in murder and intentional assault
  • Court: Branch 13, Tehran Criminal Court One
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
Milad Armoun, Alireza Kafaei, Amir Mohammad Khosh-Eghbal, Navid Najaran, Hossein Nemati, and Alireza Barmerz Pournak are defendants in the so-called “Ekbatan Complex” case. They were arrested in 2022 during nationwide protests after the killing of a Basij militia member named Arman Ali Vardi in Ekbatan Complex. In November 2024, Branch 13 of Tehran Criminal Court One sentenced each of them to death for “participation in murder and intentional assault.”

 

19. Edris Ali

  • Prison: Urmia Prison
  • Main Charge: Espionage
  • Court: Branch 3, Urmia Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
20. Azad Shojaei

  • Prison: Urmia Prison
  • Main Charge: Espionage
  • Court: Branch 3, Urmia Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
21. Rasoul Ahmad Mohammad

  • Prison: Urmia Prison
  • Main Charge: Espionage
  • Court: Branch 3, Urmia Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
Edris (Idris) Ali, Azad Shojaei, and Rasoul Ahmad Mohammad were arrested earlier this year and transferred to Urmia Prison. In November, 2024, the judiciary spokesperson announced their death sentences, claiming they were involved in espionage and, under the guise of alcohol smuggling, transported “assassination equipment” intended for a senior official of Iran’s nuclear program. The sentences were issued by Branch 3 of the Urmia Revolutionary Court.

 

22. Behrooz Ehsani

  • Prison: Evin Prison
  • Main Charge: Baghi (armed rebellion)
  • Court: Branch 26, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
23. Mehdi Hassani

  • Prison: Evin Prison
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 26, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
Behrooz Ehsani was arrested on November 28, 2022, at his home in Tehran and transferred to Ward 209 of Evin Prison. Mehdi Hassani was arrested on September 9, 2022, while attempting to leave the country in Zanjan and later transferred to Evin Prison. In September 2024, Branch 26 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Iman Afshari, sentenced them to death. The charges included “Baghi, Moharebeh (enmity against God), spreading corruption on earth, membership in opposition groups, gathering classified information, and collusion against national security.” On January 8, 2025, the Supreme Court upheld their death sentences.

 

24. Hamid Hossein-Nezhad Heidaranlou

  • Prison: Urmia Prison
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Branch 1, Urmia Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence issued, referred to the Supreme Court
Hamid Hossein-Nezhad Heidaranlou was arrested in April 2023 at the Chaldoran border by border guards. He was reportedly subjected to physical and psychological torture in the detention center of the Urmia Intelligence Office to extract a forced confession regarding participation in armed clashes between opposition parties and border forces. He was later transferred to Urmia Prison. In July 2024, Branch 1 of the Urmia Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Najafzadeh, sentenced him to death for Baghi through membership in opposition parties. His case has been referred to the Supreme Court.

 

25. Hatem Özdemir

  • Prison: Urmia Prison
  • Main Charge: Moharebeh (waging war against God)
  • Court: Branch 3, Urmia Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
Hatem Özdemir was arrested in Maku in early summer 2019 by security forces and transferred to the political ward of Urmia Prison after two months. Initially sentenced to death for Baghi by the Khoy Revolutionary Court in late winter 2021, his sentence was overturned by the Supreme Court and sent for retrial. In May 2024, he was resentenced to death for Moharebeh by Branch 3 of the Urmia Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Najafzadeh. The sentence was upheld by the Supreme Court in September 2023.

 

26. Mehrab (Mehran) Abdollahzadeh

  • Prison: Urmia Prison
  • Main Charge: Baghi
  • Court: Urmia Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
Mehrab (Mehran) Abdollahzadeh was arrested during the nationwide protests of 2022 and transferred to Urmia Prison. He was later sentenced to death by the Urmia Revolutionary Court, accused of killing a Basij militia member, leading to charges of Baghi and his death sentence.

 

27. Naser Bekrzadeh

  • Prison: Urmia Prison
  • Main Charge: Espionage
  • Court: Branch 3, Urmia Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
Naser Bekrzadeh, 25, a resident of Urmia, was arrested in January 2024 by security forces and transferred to the city’s prison. In mid-November 2024, Branch 3 of the Urmia Revolutionary Court sentenced him to death. The judiciary media center claimed he was charged with “espionage for Israel and collaboration with Mossad.”

 

28. Shahin Vasaf

  • Prison: Urmia Prison
  • Main Charge: Espionage
  • Court: Branch 3, Urmia Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
Shahin Vasaf, 28, a resident of Salmas and Urmia, was arrested in September 2022 by security forces. After completing his interrogation at the Urmia Intelligence Office, he was transferred to Urmia Prison. In October 2023, he was sentenced to death by Branch 3 of the Urmia Revolutionary Court for “espionage for Israel.”

 

29. Shahriar Bayat

  • Prison: Evin Prison
  • Main Charge: Sab-al-Nabi (blasphemy against the Prophet)
  • Court: Branch 13, Tehran Criminal Court One
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
Shahriar Bayat, 64, was arrested at his home in Shahriar on September 25, 2022, during nationwide protests. Initially transferred to Greater Tehran Prison and later to Evin Prison, he faced multiple charges in two cases. On March 1, 2023, Branch 1 of the Shahriar Revolutionary Court sentenced him to a total of 18 years imprisonment for charges including “propaganda against the regime,” “insulting the founder of the Islamic Republic,” “collusion against national security,” and “forming and managing illegal groups.” On March, 2024, Branch 13 of Tehran Criminal Court One sentenced him to death for “insulting the prophet of Islam and Islamic sanctities” through online posts and content.

 

30. Farshid Hassan Zahi

  • Prison: Ward 9, Zahedan Prison
  • Main Charge: Moharebeh (waging war against God)
  • Court: Branch 1, Zahedan Criminal Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence issued, referred to Branch 32 of the Supreme Court
Farshid Hassan Zahi, son of Hanif, was arrested on November 24, 2022, in the village of Cheshmeh Ziarat, Zahedan, by security forces. He was accused of “shooting at a police vehicle in Cheshmeh Ziarat, killing soldier Behzad Barahouyi, and injuring lieutenant Mehdi Hashem Zehi.” He is currently held in Ward 9 of Zahedan Prison. The court session that led to his death sentence was conducted online, without the presence of his defense attorney.

 

31. Mohammad Zeyneddini

  • Prison: Ward 9, Zahedan Prison
  • Main Charge: Moharebeh
  • Court: Branch 1, Zahedan Criminal Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
32. Adham Naroui

  • Prison: Ward 9, Zahedan Prison
  • Main Charge: Moharebeh
  • Court: Branch 1, Zahedan Criminal Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
Mohammad Zeyneddini was arrested in October 2020, and Adham Naroui was detained on May 25, 2021, in Lashar, Espakeh County, by security forces. Their cases, initially investigated by Branch 6 of the Zahedan Prosecutor’s Office, were later referred to Branch 1 of Zahedan Criminal Court for the killing of three security forces. In early 2023, both were sentenced to death by the court for “Moharebeh through armed action.” Their sentences were upheld by the Supreme Court on November 19, 2023.

 

33. Mohammad Javad Vafaei Thani

  • Prison: Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad
  • Main Charge: Corruption on Earth through arson and deliberate destruction of specific sites
  • Court: Branch 2, Mashhad Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
Mohammad Javad Vafaei Sani, a 28-year-old boxing coach, was arrested in March 2020 in Mashhad by security forces and transferred to Vakilabad Prison. In January 2022, he was sentenced to death by Branch 4 of Mashhad Revolutionary Court for “corruption on earth through arson and deliberate destruction of specific sites, including a government building.” The sentence was overturned by the Supreme Court, and the case was sent for retrial. In August 2023, Branch 2 of Mashhad Revolutionary Court reissued the death sentence. This was again overturned by the Supreme Court, but in September 2023, Branch 3 of Mashhad Revolutionary Court sentenced him to death for a third time. His lawyer, Babak Paknia, criticized the decision, stating the court ignored the Supreme Court’s reasoning.

 

34. Abbas Deris

  • Prison: Mahshahr Prison
  • Main Charge: Moharebeh
  • Court: Branch 1, Mahshahr Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court; retrial request denied
Abbas Deris was arrested on December 8, 2019, alongside his brother Mohsen by intelligence agents. In October 2022, he was sentenced to death for Moharebeh by Branch 1 of Mahshahr Revolutionary Court. This was upheld by the Supreme Court in July 2023. After a retrial request in July 2023, the Supreme Court temporarily suspended the sentence but ultimately rejected the request in February 2024. His lawyer has filed for judicial review under Article 477. In another case, he was sentenced to 14 years for murder and weapons possession. Abbas Deris, a father of three, has denied involvement in arson and road blockades during protests in November 2019.

 

35. Ahmadreza Jalali (Djalali) 

  • Prison: Evin Prison
  • Main Charge: Espionage
  • Court: Not specified
  • Case Status: Death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
Ahmadreza Jalali, a dual-national academic, was arrested in April 2016 during a visit to Iran upon the invitation of Tehran University. He was later sentenced to death for espionage. The Supreme Court upheld his sentence in December 2017. The judiciary spokesperson, Zabihollah Khodaian, confirmed in May 10, 2023, that the sentence is final and enforceable.

 

36. Yousef Ahmadi

  • Prison: Sanandaj Prison
  • Main Charge: Baghi (armed rebellion)
  • Court: Branch 1, Sanandaj Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
Yousef Ahmadi, along with three co-defendants in a joint case, was arrested in April 2020 on suspicion of “collaborating with a Kurdish opposition party.” In September 2023, Branch 1 of the Sanandaj Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Saeedi, sentenced Ahmadi to death for Baghi and sentenced the other three co-defendants to long prison terms for complicity. The Supreme Court upheld Ahmadi’s death sentence in February 2024.

 

37. Mohammad Mehdi Soleimani

  • Prison: Ward 1, Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad
  • Main Charge: Killing a Basij member
  • Court: Branch 5, Khorasan Razavi Criminal Court One
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
State media reported that an individual identified as “Mohammad Mehdi-S” was sentenced to death by Branch 5 of the Khorasan Razavi Criminal Court for the killing of Basij member Rasoul Doost Mohammadi during the 2022 nationwide protests. He was also sentenced to flogging (74 lashes) and imprisonment for possession of explosives and incendiary materials. HRANA confirmed his identity as Mohammad Mehdi Soleimani, currently held in Ward 1 of Vakilabad Prison.

 

38. Ali Mojdam

  • Prison: Sepidar Prison, Ahvaz
  • Main Charge: Leadership and membership in a Baghi group
  • Court: Ahvaz Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence under review by the Supreme Court
39. Mohammadreza Moghadam

  • Prison: Sepidar Prison, Ahvaz
  • Main Charge: Leadership and membership in a Baghi group
  • Court: Ahvaz Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence under review by the Supreme Court
40. Moein Khanfari

  • Prison: Sepidar Prison, Ahvaz
  • Main Charge: Membership in a Baghi group
  • Court: Ahvaz Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence under review by the Supreme Court
41. Adnan Ghobeishavi

  • Prison: Sepidar Prison, Ahvaz
  • Main Charge: Membership in a Baghi group
  • Court: Ahvaz Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence under review by the Supreme Court
42. Salem Mousavi

  • Prison: Sheiban Prison, Ahvaz
  • Main Charge: Membership in a Baghi group
  • Court: Ahvaz Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence under review by the Supreme Court
43. Habib Deris

  • Prison: Sheiban Prison, Ahvaz
  • Main Charge: Membership in a Baghi group
  • Court: Ahvaz Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence under review by the Supreme Court
Ali Mojdam, Mohammadreza Moghadam, Moein Khanfari, Habib Deris, Adnan Ghobeishavi, and Salem Mousavi were arrested in February 2019 by security forces in Khuzestan. In March 2023, Mojdam and Moghadam were sentenced to death for leadership and membership in the “armed branch of Harakat al-Nazal al-Arabi,” accused of armed opposition to the Islamic Republic. The others were sentenced to death for membership in the same group. Their cases are currently under review by the Supreme Court. In late October 2024, Mojdam, Moghadam, Khanfari, and Ghobeishavi were transferred from Sheiban Prison to Sepidar Prison in Ahvaz.

 

44. Farhad Shakeri

  • Prison: Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad
  • Main Charge: Baghi (armed rebellion) through membership in a Salafi group
  • Court: Branch 4, Mashhad Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
45. Isa Eidmohammadi

  • Prison: Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad
  • Main Charge: Baghi through membership in a Salafi group
  • Court: Branch 4, Mashhad Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
46. Abdolrahman Gorgij

  • Prison: Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad
  • Main Charge: Baghi through membership in a Salafi group
  • Court: Branch 4, Mashhad Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
47. Abdolhakim Azim Gorgij

  • Prison: Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad
  • Main Charge: Baghi through membership in a Salafi group
  • Court: Branch 4, Mashhad Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
48. Taj Mohammad Khormali

  • Prison: Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad
  • Main Charge: Baghi through membership in a Salafi group
  • Court: Branch 4, Mashhad Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
49. Malek Ali Fadaei Nasab

  • Prison: Vakilabad Prison, Mashhad
  • Main Charge: Baghi through membership in a Salafi group
  • Court: Branch 4, Mashhad Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Death sentence upheld by the Supreme Court
Malek Ali Fadaei Nasab (a Shia Muslim), Isa Eidmohammadi, Farhad Shakeri, Abdolhakim Azim Gorgij, Abdolrahman Gorgij, Taj Mohammad Khormal (Sunni Muslims), and others were arrested in 2015 by the Intelligence Ministry. They were transferred to Vakilabad Prison in Mashhad a year later. In 2019, Branch 1 of the Mashhad Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Mahmoud Davoodabadi, sentenced several of them to death for “Baghi through membership in the Salafi group Al-Furqan and the National Solidarity Front of Sunni Muslims in Iran.”

In December 31, 2020, the death sentences for Hamid Rast Bala, Kabir Saadat Jahani, and Mohammad Ali Arayesh were carried out. The Supreme Court later overturned the sentences of six others and referred the cases for retrial. In August 2023, Branch 4 of the Mashhad Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Ahmadian Salami, resentenced them to death. The Supreme Court upheld the death sentences in August 2024.

 

50. Malek Davarshenas (Seyed Malek Mousavi)

  • Prison: Sheiban Prison, Ahvaz
  • Main Charge: Baghi through setting fire to a Basij base
  • Court: Branch 2, Dezful Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
Malek Davarshenas (Seyed Malek Mousavi) was arrested in May 2021 along with another individual by security forces. Following interrogations, Branch 2 of Dezful Revolutionary Court sentenced Davarshenas to death for “Baghi,” while the co-defendant was sentenced to 10 years in prison for “participation in disrupting order.” The charges against Davarshenas include “attacking and setting fire to the Shavoor Basij Resistance Base.”

 

51. Ali Obeidavi

  • Prison: Mahshahr Prison
  • Main Charge: Attack on a Basij base
  • Court: Mahshahr Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
Ali Obeidavi was arrested in 2019 along with his brother, Hossein Obeidavi, on charges of “attacking a Basij base.” After four years, the Mahshahr Revolutionary Court sentenced Ali to death and his brother to 13 years in prison.

 

52. Saman Mohammadi Kheyareh

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Moharebeh (waging war against God)
  • Court: Branch 15, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
Saman Mohammadi Kheyareh, a 34-year-old from Sanandaj, was arrested in February 2010 on charges of Moharebeh. A few months later, he was sentenced to death by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Abolghasem Salavati. Due to insufficient evidence, the Supreme Court overturned the sentence, and the case was referred for retrial, resulting in a 15-year prison sentence for membership in opposition groups. However, under pressure from security agencies, the previous ruling was annulled, and he was again sentenced to death on the same charges.

 

53. Mohammad Amin Mahdavi Shayesteh

  • Prison: Ghezel Hesar Prison, Karaj
  • Main Charge: Collaboration with a hostile government
  • Court: Branch 15, Tehran Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
Mohammad Amin Mahdavi Shayesteh, 26, was arrested in the fall of the previous year and sentenced to death by Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Abolghasem Salavati, for alleged collaboration with Israel. His appeal is currently pending in the Supreme Court

 

54. Abbas (Mojahed) Korkor (Korkouri)

  • Prison: Sheiban Prison, Ahvaz
  • Main Charge: Moharebeh
  • Court: Ahvaz Revolutionary Court
  • Case Status: Initial death sentence issued
Mojahed Korkouri was sentenced to death in April 2023 for “Moharebeh through armed action, corruption on earth by shooting with a military weapon, causing the death of seven people, and forming a Baghi group.” The Supreme Court overturned this ruling in the fall of the same year, and the case was sent for retrial. After the retrial in the Ahvaz Revolutionary Court, he was once again sentenced to death.

 

This report highlights the widespread violations of human rights and justice in Iran. Many of the individuals sentenced to death are accused of political offenses such as “Baghi” and “Moharebeh,” while some were engaged in non-violent activities or were arrested solely for political or ideological reasons. Many have been denied fair trials, including access to independent legal representation and transparent judicial processes.

The death penalty, as a form of punishment, stands in complete contradiction to the fundamental right to life and universal principles of human rights. Its use, particularly against political prisoners, is often accompanied by blatant violations of defendants’ rights, including forced confessions obtained under torture, denial of fair trials, and its application as a tool to suppress dissenting views and activities. Such actions not only violate human dignity but also lack any moral or legal justification under human rights principles and must be halted immediately.

It is worth noting that the crisis of executions extends beyond political and security prisoners. According to the annual statistics of the Human Rights Activists News Agency, at least 930 prisoners, including 5 juvenile offenders, were executed in Iran between January 1, 2024, and December 31, 2024. This represents an increase of approximately 24.6% compared to the same period in the previous year. Among these, 4 executions were carried out publicly, 214 individuals were sentenced to death, and the Supreme Court upheld 54 other initial death sentences during the same period.

This report reveals that many individuals are sentenced to death not for committing violent crimes but for engaging in civic, political, or ideological activities. This raises serious concerns about the use of the death penalty as a tool to suppress political and ideological dissent.

The international community, human rights organizations, and the public must actively monitor these cases and apply pressure on the Iranian government to prevent the unjust execution of these sentences.

Six Defendants in the “Ekbatan Town” Case Sentenced to Death

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Executions, Freedom of Expression, News
Abolghasem Salavati, Alireza Barmarz Pournak, Alireza Kafaei, Amir-Mohammad Khosh Eghbal, Babak Paknia, Ekbatan, Hossein Nemati, Milad Armoon, Navid Najaran

Milad Armoun (Armoon), Alireza Kafaei, Amir-Mohammad Khosh-Eghbal, Navid Najaran, Hossein Nemati, and Alireza Barmarz Pournak, defendants in the so-called “Ekbatan Town” case, have been sentenced to death by Branch 13 of Tehran Criminal Court.

According to HRANA, the news agency of Human Rights Activists in Iran, the defendants were convicted on charges of “participation in murder and intentional assault.” Babak Paknia, a defense attorney, confirmed the sentences, noting that while the court’s advisors upheld the death penalties, the presiding judge opposed the decision and issued a minority opinion. These verdicts are subject to appeal.

The final defense sessions were held on November 3, 2024. Following the hearings, four of the accused—Hossein Nemati, Alireza Barmarz Pournak, Alireza Kafaei, and Amir-Mohammad Khosh-Eghbal—were detained and transferred to Ghezel Hesar Prison in Karaj.

This case stems from protests in October 2022 at the Ekbatan Complex, during which a Basij member, Arman Ali Vardi, was killed. Security forces reportedly arrested over 50 residents from Ekbatan, with indictments later issued for 14 individuals.

The charges include “moharebeh” (enmity against God), “participation in premeditated murder,” and “disturbing public order.” The case has been reviewed by Branch 13 of Tehran Criminal Court and Branch 15 of the Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Abolghasem Salavati.

While four of these defendants were temporarily released on bail in early 2024, several remain in custody.

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Four Protestors Remain in Detention Amid Legal Uncertainty

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News, Prisoners
Alireza Barmarz Pournak, Alireza Kafaie, Amir-Mohammad Khosh Eghbal, Ekbatan, Hossein Nemati, Mehdi Imani, Milad Armoon, moharebeh, Navid Najaran, Seyed Mohammad-Mehdi Hosseini

Milad Armoon, Seyed Mohammad-Mehdi Hosseini, Mehdi Imani, and Navid Najaran, four defendants in the so-called “Ekbatan Township” case, remain in indefinite detention for over a year.

These individuals were transferred from Ward 2-A of Evin Prison, which is under the control of IRGC Intelligence, to Qezel Hesar Prison in Karaj in mid-June of this year, after completing the interrogation process. Their case is still in Branch 4 of the Criminal Court Prosecutor’s Office of District 27 in Tehran and has not yet been referred to Branch 13 of the Tehran Criminal Court. According to the defense attorney for one of the defendants, their transfer to the IRGC Intelligence Detention Center was for completing court-requested investigations.

In early November 2022, amid nationwide protests, at least 50 young residents of Ekbatan Township were arrested by security forces for their alleged involvement in an incident that resulted in the death of a Basij member named Arman Aliverdi.

Indictments were issued for 14 of them. In April 2023, the Judiciary spokesman announced charges of “enmity against God (Moharebeh) through the use of cold weapons and actions against national security” for three defendants. According to the issued indictment, these citizens are accused of charges including “assisting in intentional murder,” and “disruption of public order and peace.”

In late September 2023, after four court hearings, the court did not refer their case for further investigations and Branch 13 of the Tehran Criminal Court intervened to expedite the process and determine the status of the defendants. Another part of their case has been referred to Branch 15 of the Tehran Revolutionary Court, presided over by Judge Abolghasem Salavati.

Of the eight defendants, Hossein Nemati, Alireza Barmarz Pournak, Alireza Kafaie, and Amir-Mohammad Khosh-Eghbal were released on bail from Qezel Hesar Prison in February of last year.

Previously, defense attorney Payam Derafshan confirmed that four individuals face the charge of ‘Moharebeh.’

In April of this year, the case was returned to the Prosecutor’s Office for what was described as addressing a “confidential deficiency.”

Below are the details and arrest dates of the defendants in the so-called “Ekbatan Township” case who remain in detention and uncertainty:

  • Milad Armoon – aged 25 – Arrest Date: November 2, 2022
  • Seyed Mohammad-Mehdi Hosseini – aged 25 – Arrest Date: December 6, 2022
  • Mehdi Imani – aged 29 – Arrest Date: December 15, 2022
  • Navid Najaran – aged 32 – Arrest Date: Unknown

Eight Protestors Remain in Detention Amid Legal Uncertainty

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Freedom of Expression, News, Prisoners
Alireza Barmarz Pournak, Alireza Kafaie, Amir-Mohammad Khosh Eghbal, Arman Aliverdi, Ekbatan, Hossein Nemati, Mehdi Imani, Milad Armoon, Mohammad-Mehdi Hosseini, moharebeh, Navid Najaran, Qezel Hesar Prison, Salavati

Milad Armoon, Alireza Kafaie, Amir-Mohammad Khosh Eghbal, Alireza Barmarz Pournak, Mohammad-Mehdi Hosseini, Hossein Nemati, Mehdi Imani, and Navid Najaran are detained in Qezel (Ghezel) Hesar Prison with an uncertain legal status.

The arrest of these individuals during the 2022 nationwide protests links them to a legal case stemming from an incident in Ekbatan town, Tehran, resulting in the death of Basij Militia agent Arman Aliverdi.

According to a source with close ties to one defendant’s family, the Tehran Criminal Court had previously confirmed the release of two detainees on bail. However, Judge Salavati, presiding over Branch 15 of the Revolutionary Court, rejected their release and asserted control over the entire case. Such discrepancies within Iran’s judicial system contribute to legal insecurity and uncertainty, causing distress for the detainees and their families.

Another source reports that, despite multiple court sessions in October and November of this year, the defendants await a verdict. Earlier, it was revealed that the case had been divided between the Revolutionary and Criminal Courts. The Criminal Court initiated proceedings on October 7, 2023, addressing charges of “assisting in murder, assembly and collusion against national security, and enmity against God (Moharebeh).”

The protests in Ekbatan Town in Tehran in 2022 resulted in the death of Basij Militia agent Arman Aliverdi. Subsequently, in November 2022, police and security forces arrested over 50 young residents of the district, with 14 individuals facing legal action. The indictments detail charges such as “enmity against God” for Azmoon, Hosseini, and Imani, while Kafaie, Khosh Eghbal, Barmarz Pournak, and Nemati face charges of “assisting in murder and disturbing public order.” The charges against Najaran, arrested in Ahvaz, remain unknown.