Monthly Report – August 2026: Human Rights Situation in Iran

HRANA- This monthly report provides an overview of statistics on human rights violations in Iran during August 2026. The continued issuance of death sentences against individuals facing political charges and the increase in prison sentences imposed on citizens for expressing their views and opinions were among the most notable human rights violations documented during the month.

Executions

In August, HRANA reported the executions of 78 people, including five women. Of those executed, 40 had been sentenced to death on murder charges, 29 on drug-related charges, and two on charges of moharebeh (“enmity against God”) in non-political cases. Four others were executed on security-related charges. In addition, two individuals, Ghaem Hosseini and Shahram Sadeghi, were hanged in connection with the January 2026 protests.

Of the 78 people executed, the charge against one individual remains unknown.

During the month, Iranian courts issued 21 death sentences, while seven death sentences were upheld by the Supreme Court. Most notably, 10 defendants in a case in Isfahan were sentenced to death in connection with the nationwide protests of January 2026.

Freedom of Thought and Expression

Over the past month, security forces arrested 311 individuals for expressing their views and opinions, while three others were summoned by security agencies. One case of a home search by security forces was also reported. For the same reasons, eight individuals were summoned to court and three were put on trial.

Prison sentences imposed on citizens for expressing their views and opinions increased significantly this month. In total, at least 7,238 months of imprisonment (more than 600 years) were handed down to 80 citizens, more than 2.5 times the figure recorded in the previous month. One of the most notable cases was the 20-year prison sentence imposed on Mohammad Ebrahimi in connection with the nationwide protests of January 2026. Additionally, 16 citizens in Mahabad were sentenced to a combined total of more than 77 years in prison for reasons related to political affiliation and the expression of their views.

In addition to prison sentences, courts imposed three instances of deprivation of civil and social rights, a total of 48 months of exile, and 523 lashes. Flogging sentences were also carried out against two individuals.

Prisoners’ Rights

Reports published by HRANA in August documented the following figures concerning violations of the rights of prisoners and detainees, particularly political prisoners and prisoners of conscience: 98 cases in which detainees were held in legal limbo, 50 reports of families being kept uninformed about the fate or whereabouts of detainees, four cases of prisoners being transferred to solitary confinement, 12 reports of pressure being exerted on detainees or prisoners, six cases of forced confessions, four cases of prisoners being beaten, including three political prisoners at Evin Prison who were beaten by prison guards, nine cases of denial of access to legal counsel, four cases of denial of telephone access, and three cases of denial of visitation rights.

Additionally, 21 cases of denial of medical care and six cases in which prisoners were denied medical leave despite urgent medical needs were reported.

Reports also documented hunger strikes by at least three prisoners. During the month, the death of a female prisoner at Vakilabad Prison in Mashhad was also reported following a lack of adequate medical care.

Kolbars and Fuel Carriers

In August, seven people were killed and four others were injured as a result of indiscriminate gunfire by the Islamic Republic of Iran’s security forces. This practice has a long history and has particularly affected kolbars (workers who carry goods on foot across border areas to earn a living) and fuel carriers (individuals who transport small quantities of fuel across the border for their livelihood). Among the seven people killed were three kolbars and two fuel carriers.

Workers’ Rights

In August, HRANA reported 50 labor protests and three labor strikes, representing an increase compared with previous months. HRANA also published reports on unpaid wages affecting approximately 500 workers. These reports further documented 350 cases of workers being dismissed or laid off.

According to the reports received, workplace accidents claimed the lives of 37 workers and injured 120 others, marking the highest monthly figures recorded since the beginning of the year.

Trade associations and labor unions held 81 protest gatherings during the month. Three individuals were also arrested by security forces. Additionally, 144 commercial establishments were closed and sealed.

Women’s Rights

During the month, 12 women lost their lives as a result of domestic violence. One woman and four men were also victims of so-called “honor killings,” and two cases of rape were reported.

Additionally, 30 commercial establishments were closed and sealed for alleged non-compliance with mandatory hijab regulations.

Children’s Rights

In August, HRANA’s reports documented the killing of four children and the deaths of two others as a result of negligence by the authorities.

Religious Minorities

During the month, 14 members of religious minorities were sentenced to a combined total of 539 months in prison. Among them were 12 Baha’i citizens residing in Sari, who received a combined total of more than 26 years in prison.

In addition to the prison sentences, 14 cases of deprivation of social rights, one case of property confiscation, and one case of restrictions on economic activity were reported.

Security forces also arrested at least 10 members of religious minorities during the month, summoned four others, and conducted five home searches.

Ethnic Rights

HRANA’s reports documented the arrests of at least 29 ethnic rights activists or members of ethnic minorities by security forces. According to the reports, 13 of these arrests were carried out without the presentation of an arrest warrant. Four individuals were also sentenced to a combined total of 360 months in prison. One case of physical assault and one home search were also reported.

Inhuman Punishment

As noted above, sentences totaling 539 lashes were issued during the month. The majority of these flogging sentences were imposed on individuals who participated in the January 2026 protests. In addition, sentences totaling 62 lashes were carried out.

An overview of human rights violation in Iran -August 2026

January 2026 Protests: Ghaem Hosseini Executed

HRANA – Today, August 20, Ghaem (Arian) Hosseini, arrested during the January 2026 protests in Isfahan, was executed. He had been tried in a case known as the “Isfahan Alikhani Square” case and sentenced to death.

According to HRANA, citing Mizan, the death sentence of Ghaem Hosseini, a foreign national and one of those arrested during the January 2026 protests in Isfahan, was carried out.

The Judiciary’s Media Center has claimed that four law enforcement officers were killed during the January 8, 2026 protests in Isfahan’s Alikhani Square. The institution further alleges that a number of protesters attacked law enforcement officers and damaged public property and facilities. The Judiciary has also alleged that, after attacking law enforcement personnel, the defendants in the case committed acts of violence, including setting fire to the bodies of those killed.

According to Mizan, Ghaem Hosseini was sentenced to death on charges including “moharebeh (enmity against God) through drawing a weapon and creating fear, terror, and insecurity; corruption on earth through actions against national security; disrupting public order and creating insecurity; destruction of public property; and collusion to act against national security,” as well as other related charges. The Judiciary further claims that after the sentence was issued, the case was reviewed by the Supreme Court and the ruling was upheld following Hosseini’s appeal. Ultimately, after the legal procedures were completed, Mr. Hosseini’s death sentence was carried out.

In describing the alleged conduct underlying the charges against Mr. Hosseini, Mizan claimed that he was present at the location where the law enforcement officers were killed and that he struck the body of one of them. The outlet also cited his alleged participation in setting fire to property belonging to a charitable center. According to the same report, Mr. Hosseini acknowledged being present at the protests in Alikhani Square. However, no independent information has been made public regarding the manner or circumstances in which these statements were obtained, whether he had access to a lawyer during interrogation, or whether the claims made by judicial authorities could be independently verified.

Ghaem Hosseini, known as “Arian,” was a foreign national. The report did not specify the exact location where his execution was carried out.

HRANA has so far been unable to independently verify the claims made by the Judiciary’s media outlet. Moreover, according to information received by HRANA, the proceedings in this case were subject to restrictions and irregularities, including the defense lawyer’s lack of effective access to the case file, court hearings conducted via videoconference, families being kept uninformed about the details of the sentences, and the court’s failure to consider defense evidence. Given the documented history of the Islamic Republic’s security and judicial institutions using coerced confessions, torture, and other forms of ill-treatment in security-related cases, there are serious concerns regarding compliance with fair-trial standards and the defendants’ rights in this case.

It should be noted that HRANA previously reported that the proceedings in the cases of Alireza and Abolfazl Sepahi were subject to restrictions including the defense lawyer’s lack of effective access to the case file, the inability to obtain a copy of the court ruling, hearings conducted via videoconference, and the court’s failure to consider defense evidence. According to a source close to the family, they also remain unaware of the details of the charges, the evidence relied upon by the court, and the full contents of the rulings issued.

On July 28, Abolfazl Sepahi and Amirhossein Safari, two other individuals sentenced to death in the case known as the “Isfahan Alikhani Square” case, were publicly executed. The death sentences of Erfan Esfandiari and Gol-Mohammad Mohammadi, two other defendants in the case, were carried out in Isfahan on July 19.

At the trial court level, 15 defendants in the case were sentenced to death. According to information provided by a lawyer, the sentence of one defendant was overturned by a higher judicial authority, while the death sentences of the other 14 defendants were upheld.

The identities of 12 of these individuals had been established as Alireza Sepahi, Abolfazl Sepahi, Erfan Esfandiari, Gol-Mohammad Mohammadi, Amirhossein Safari, Ghaem Hosseini, Shervin Bagherian, Amirhossein Maleki, Ali Dashti, Abolfazl Ebrahimi, Alireza Raisi, and Amirhossein Ebrahimi Analoucheh.

Concerns Mount Over Possible Executions as Alireza and Abolfazl Sepahi Remain in Solitary Confinement

HRANA – Alireza Sepahi and Abolfazl Sepahi, two death row prisoners in the case known as the “Alikhani Square case” in Isfahan, have been held in solitary confinement at Dastgerd Prison since the early hours of Saturday. Their transfer to solitary confinement, a family visit that relatives believe was a “final visit,” and the execution of two other defendants in the same case at dawn today have intensified concerns that their death sentences may be carried out imminently. Information received by HRANA also indicates that the defendants and their lawyer were denied effective access to the case file, that the court failed to consider exculpatory evidence, and that allegations of coercion and torture during the investigation were never examined.

According to HRANA, Alireza Sepahi, aged approximately 25, and Abolfazl Sepahi, aged approximately 23, were taken from the general ward of Dastgerd Prison in Isfahan at 5:00 a.m. on Saturday, July 18, 2026, and transferred to solitary confinement.

The two prisoners are first cousins. One is married to the other’s sister, making them both cousins and brothers-in-law. They were arrested on January 10, 2026, in connection with the nationwide January protests.

According to information received by HRANA, the death sentences against Alireza and Abolfazl Sepahi were recently upheld by Iran’s highest judicial authority. However, their families remain unaware of the full details of the charges, the evidence in the case, and the judicial proceedings, while their lawyer has also been denied full access to the case file.

A source close to the families told HRANA:

“The lawyer said that after the death sentence was issued, an appeal was filed, and the verdict was later upheld by the Supreme Court. But even the lawyer was never given full access to the case file or a meaningful opportunity to pursue the case. Everywhere we go, no one provides any answers.”

According to the source, the lawyer was not permitted to photograph or obtain a copy of the verdict and was only allowed to take handwritten notes from portions of the ruling. As a result, the families remain unaware of the precise charges, the evidence relied upon by the court, and the details of the judgments issued against all defendants in the case.

The trial hearings for Alireza and Abolfazl Sepahi were held inside the prison via videoconference. According to the family source, the court failed to consider exculpatory evidence submitted by the defendants and their families during the proceedings.

The source said that CCTV footage and other evidence show that Alireza and Abolfazl Sepahi were not present at Alikhani Square at the time of the incident cited in the case and were elsewhere. Nevertheless, the presiding judge, Morteza Barati, issued death sentences against them, ordering Alireza to be executed four times and Abolfazl three times,without conducting an effective examination of this evidence.

The source added:

“There is video footage showing that they were somewhere else at that date and time, but Judge Morteza Barati ignored it. During family visits, Alireza repeatedly said, ‘We didn’t do anything. We weren’t there.'”

According to information received by HRANA, several other defendants in the same case have stated that they were subjected to pressure and torture during interrogations to force them to confirm that Alireza and Abolfazl Sepahi had been present at Alikhani Square.

The family source said that several defendants currently held in Dowlatabad Prison claimed investigators presented them with a pre-written statement and instructed them to confirm Alireza Sepahi’s presence at the scene. According to the source, they stated that they had been pressured to falsely identify both Alireza and Abolfazl Sepahi as being at the location of the incident.

Although these allegations were raised during the judicial proceedings, information received by HRANA indicates that no independent or effective investigation was conducted into the allegations of torture, ill-treatment, or coerced statements. The court also failed to conduct any transparent review of the reliability of the disputed statements or the circumstances under which they were obtained.

Under fair trial standards, any allegation of torture or ill-treatment must be investigated promptly, independently, and impartially, and any statement obtained through torture or coercion must not be admitted as evidence against a defendant. The lack of effective access to legal counsel and the case file, the court’s failure to consider exculpatory evidence, and the absence of any investigation into torture allegations have raised serious concerns regarding the defendants’ fundamental rights, particularly given that the sentences imposed carry the death penalty.

Meanwhile, according to information received by HRANA, Somayeh, the mother of one of the prisoners, who is herself serving a five-year prison sentence in the women’s ward of Isfahan Prison, was transferred to the men’s prison to visit her son and son-in-law. The circumstances of the visit, combined with the prisoners’ transfer to solitary confinement, have led their families to fear that it was arranged as a final visit before the executions.

The families’ last regular visit with Alireza and Abolfazl Sepahi took place approximately one month ago.

Unconfirmed reports received by HRANA also indicate that Alireza and Abolfazl Sepahi are among the first prisoners whose death sentences may be carried out. HRANA has not been able to independently verify these reports. However, their transfer to solitary confinement, together with the execution of two other defendants in the same case, has significantly heightened the families’ concerns.

At dawn today, Erfan Esfandiari and Gol-Mohammad Mohammadi, two other defendants sentenced to death in the Alikhani Square case, were executed in Isfahan. Their executions, carried out shortly after Alireza and Abolfazl Sepahi were transferred to solitary confinement, have intensified fears that the remaining death sentences in the case may soon be carried out.

At the trial court stage, 15 defendants in this case were sentenced to death. According to information provided by the defense lawyer, the death sentence of one defendant was overturned by the higher judicial authority, while the death sentences of the remaining 14 defendants were upheld.

In addition to Alireza Sepahi, Abolfazl Sepahi, Erfan Esfandiari, and Gol-Mohammad Mohammadi, HRANA has confirmed the identities of eight other individuals sentenced to death in this case: Ghaem Hosseini, Shervin Bagherian, Amirhossein Safari, Amirhossein Maleki, Ali Dashti, Abolfazl Ebrahimi, Alireza Raeisi, and Amirhossein Ebrahimi Analoucheh.

HRANA is continuing to investigate the case, including the identities of the remaining three defendants sentenced to death.

The family source also described the circumstances of Alireza Sepahi’s arrest, stating that security forces fired numerous rounds as they entered the family home, causing extensive damage to the building and its contents.

According to the source, bullet marks remain visible on the house, in the alley, and on the rooftop. Several months later, only the shattered windows have been replaced. Due to financial hardship, Alireza’s family has been unable to fully repair the home or replace the damaged belongings. Alireza’s father is a municipal employee.

It should be noted that protests and strikes by shopkeepers and bazaar merchants began in Tehran on Sunday, December 28, 2025, and within two days spread beyond markets and commercial centers. With the participation of students, citizens, and various social groups, these protests became one of the largest protest movements of recent years. Following the crackdown by security and law enforcement forces, thousands were killed or injured, and tens of thousands were arrested or summoned by security agencies. For more information, readers may refer to HRANA’s comprehensive report titled “Crimson Winter,” documenting the first fifty days following the outbreak of Iran’s nationwide protests.