HRANA– This evening, Thursday, the Asser Institute hosted a well-attended panel discussion examining the role of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in widespread human rights violations and alleged international crimes committed in Iran and beyond. The panel, co-organised by the IHCL Platform, brought together legal scholars, human rights practitioners, journalists, and members of the Iranian diaspora for an in-depth discussion on institutional violence, documentation, and pathways to accountability in connection with HRA’s Pasdaran Documentation Project (PDP).The event was moderated by Gabriele Chlevickaite, senior researcher in international criminal law at the Asser Institute.

Importantly, the discussion unfolded against the backdrop of the nationwide protests that erupted in Iran in late 2025.

These remarks were made in the context of the opening of HRA’s European office, Stichting Human Rights Activists in Iran, officially registered in the Netherlands, marking an important step in strengthening the organization’s legal and operational presence in Europe.

Amin Ghazaei, Iranian author and human rights activist. provided a detailed overview of the founding of the IRGC in the aftermath of the 1979 revolution.

Ghazaei highlighted how ideology functions not merely as rhetoric within the IRGC, but as an operational framework that legitimizes violence against perceived internal and external enemies. This ideology, he noted, has played a crucial role in normalizing repression, particularly during periods of mass protest. He also outlined the IRGC’s complex internal structure, including its ground forces, intelligence units, Basij militia, and extraterritorial operations, stressing that this institutional complexity must be understood in order to assess responsibility for abuses. This paved the way for the importance of HRA’s work on the PDP database.

The discussion then turned to an intervention by Skylar Thompson, Deputy Director of Human Rights Activists in Iran (HRA). Thompson presented the Pasdaran Documentation Project (PDP), a long-term initiative developed by HRA to systematically map the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) as an institution from its inception to the present day. She explained that PDP links documented incidents of serious human rights violations and international crimes to specific IRGC units and individuals. The database currently includes profiles of more than 4,800 IRGC members and over 84,700 units, and is now expanding its analysis to examine how these units are connected to ongoing events.

According to Thompson, PDP serves several key purposes: supporting legal accountability efforts, assisting national investigative authorities and researchers, and preserving a public historical record in a context where official narratives often seek to erase or distort evidence of abuse. She stressed that documentation itself is the foundation of accountability, explaining that without rigorous, systematic documentation, accountability is impossible. As Thompson noted, “Accountability cannot exist without documentation. At the core of PDP is the act of recording, preserving, and contextualizing evidence, both as a form of justice in its own right and as the essential basis for any future accountability efforts, while keeping victims at the center to guide our work.”

Valérie Gabard, Co-Director of UpRights, focused on the implications of such documentation and the avenues available for accountability beyond Iran’s borders. Drawing on the Practitioner’s Guide to Addressing Alleged Serious Human Rights Violations and International Crimes Committed by the IRGC in Iran and Abroad, published jointly by HRA and UpRights in April 2025, Gabard outlined practical strategies for pursuing justice.

She discussed the potential use of universal jurisdiction in national courts and targeted sanctions regimes. While acknowledging significant procedural obstacles, Gabard emphasized that existing legal frameworks already offer meaningful opportunities for action, provided that evidence is collected, structured, and preserved in a manner that meets prosecutorial standards. She concluded by underscoring the critical importance of high-quality documentation for future accountability efforts, including maintaining clear chains of custody and adhering to ethical documentation practices, such as protecting victims’ identities and refraining from sharing their names.

Gabard acknowledged that there is no easy or linear pathway forward, but emphasized that viable legal and accountability options do exist.

The panel concluded with an extended question-and-answer session, during which audience members raised questions about challenges related to documentation, evidence collection, and universal jurisdiction. Several questions focused on the role of European states, both as potential venues for universal jurisdiction cases and as political actors shaping accountability through sanctions and diplomatic pressure.